Atrial fibrillation (AF)

Atrial fibrillation (AF)

AF
Anti-coagulate
Always

Mitral stenosis MS

Mitral stenosis MS

fish mouth

Ia class anti-arrthythmics

Ia class anti-arrthythmics
Q PAD

Quinidine
Procainamide
Amiodarone III
Diso-pyramide


Q
Qunidine

Toxicity = cinhona
Terrible headache
Tinnitus
Thrombo-cyto-penia
Torsade de pointes
Turning the points

VSD

VSD

Most commonly
Membranous portion of septum

VSD
Vegetations
Viridans strep in SABED

PDA

PDA
Pre-term infant
Pulmonary disease
Pulmonary obstructive vascular disease - Eisenmenger's
PA dilation
Prophylaxis for SABED
Pink arms - DDx blue legs
Persistent continuous murmur, like a machine

Ductus
Differential cyanosis

Up = pink
Down = blue

Aortic regurgitation AR: ABCD

Aortic regurgitation
ABCD

Austin-Flint murmur
Bobbing - head
Corrigan pulse
Duro-ziez murmur over femoral arteries

AS
AR
Angina

MS
MR
Movement of emboli --> stroke

ASD

ASD

Split S2 (fixed)
Split R = RBBB in V1, rSR1

ASD II
Secundum 90%
Sky high in
Septum
Split S2
Second inter-space

RVH + heave
RBBB
Rr1
Relative PVS --> murmur
RT Infections

ASD I
Down in septum
Down syndrome

Coarctation of Aorta (CoA)

Coarctation of Aorta (CoA)

CoA
Co-ntour CXR - 3 sign
Co-llateral arteries around stenosis -->
CXR - rib notching
Co-ld legs - decreased pulse
Co-mbination with bi-cuspid Ao valve in 75%
C-laudication
Chest pain - only sometimes

aDult type CoA
Distal to Ductus

INfantile type CoA
INclose to the heart

Berries at Biffurcations Bulge and Blow out - subarachnoid hemorrhage

Tetralogy of Fallot

FALLOT-->PROVE it

P ULMONARY V. STENOSis
R VH
O VER-RIDING AORTA
V SD
E RYTHRO-POETIN increased to 70%, normal is 40%, leads to hyperviscosity

Cocaine effects on the heart

Cocaine effects on the heart:

Cocaine --> arrhythmia, MI
Crush
Crack
Commit suicide
Cardiac arrest

P wave on ECG/EKG

P wave on ECG/EKG

RA enlargement
P
Pulmonale
Peaked

LA enlargement
P
Mitrale
M shaped - bifid

Non-Q wave MI

Non-Q wave MI
Non-transmural MI
Not the whole whole

Marfan syndrome

Marfan syndrome symptoms: MARFAN

MVP
Ao aneurysm
Reduced vision
Fibrilin defect
Arachno-dactyly
N

CHF

CHF

Single most reliable
Sign
S3 heart sound

Echo (TTE) is the single best test for CHF

CHF treatment:

LONG MD

Loop diuretic
O2
Nitrates for vasodilataion

Morphine
Digoxin

ACEI in CHF
ACE
After-load reduction
Arterioral dilation
Aldosterone reduction

Auscultation of heart valves: All Patients Take Medications (mnemonic)

Auscultation of heart valves: All Patients Take Medications (mnemonic):

All - Aortic valve
Patients - Pulmonary valve
Take - Tricuspid valve
Medications - Mitral valve

Lipoproteins

APO-LPP~RECEPTORS
a
a--> SPEPhoresis
A CTIVATES LCAT
MOVES CHOL BACK IN
H DL
H EALTHY=NO APO b

b
b--> SPEP
B ED
B INDS--> LDL-RECEPTOR

C
C oFACTOR--> LPL

E
E XTRA UPTAKE OF REMNANTS

b--> ALL the REST
VL, I, L, -DL

DIURETICS

DIURETICS:
1. LOOP--> EDEMA
2. CL-THIAZIDE--> DCT=
Na+ STAYS IN
-BP/, NEPHROGENIC DI
-Ca2 URIA
3. K+ STAys DIURETICS
-S=ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST
TA-->Na+ BLOCK
4. C AnH-ASE INHIBITOR-->
PCT= HCO3- STAYS-->
pH DECREASE~ RTA 2
ACID-ZLMD
ACID OSIS
5. OSMOTIC=MANNITOL-->PCT

JPV WAVE=ACV

JPV WAVE=ACV
A TRIAL CONTRACTION
C AROTID PULSE RS1Sc
V ENOUS RETURN against CLOSED TRICUSPID VALVE=
MAX VENOUS FILLING
TS2 vy

Aortic Coarctation

Co A
Co NTOUR= 3 Sx
Co MBINATN-->BI-CUSP.AV
Co LLATERAL ARTERIES->
C XR-->RIB NOTCHING
Co LD LEGS
C LAUDICATION
C HEST PAIN

2 TYPES:
aD ULT
D ISTAL to
D UCTUS

I NFANTILE
I NCLOSE to the HEART

CYANOTIC CHD: 5 T

CYANOTIC CHD = 5 T

T ETRALOGY of FALLOT
T GA --> BAS
T RUNCUS ART. communis --> DiGeorge
T RICUSPID ATRESIA
T APVReturn Connections +ASD

CXR=8,SNOW-MAN

4 PV
4 TYPES~ASD

FALLOT-->PROVE it
P ULMONARY V. STENOS
R VH
O VER-RIDING AORTA
V SD
E RYTHRO-POETIN/